Earlier engines used steam traveling through a cylinder to push a piston within the cylinder, cold water was then poured on to the cylinder to condense the steam, the cylinder also was cooled so that when steam re-entered a great deal of its energy was being wasted in reheating the cylinder.
Watt solved the problem by using a separate vessel as a condenser so that the main cylinder remained at an even temperature, He also encased the cylinder in the steam temperature. He also encased the cylinder in the steam jacket to prevent heat loss and he used steam instead of a vacuum to push the piston down as well as up.
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