Elevator

   In 1852 , the American inventor Elisha Graves Otis devised the first elevator that would not crash if something happened to it . In 1854, he tested such an elevator and its safety guard in New York city. He had the elevator raised to a considerable height and then had the cable cut completely through. The elevator descended slowly and without harm to the one passenger - Otis himself.

FERRIS WHEELS

  The first Ferris wheel was erected in Chicago, LLLinois, at the Columbian exposition in a893, The wheel was named after its inventor, George W.G. Ferris. One of the largest ever erected, the giant wheel rose to a height of 264 feet, and each of its 36 cars would carry 60 passengers. this Ferris wheel was used at the St.louis Exhibition in 1904 and then was sold for scrap metal. Present-day Ferris wheel are much smaller, but they still afford the thrill of flying, with the support of steel gingers. A gasoline-powered engine turns the big wheel on its steel stand.

FLASH LIGHT

            The idea of a lighted flower pot, may strike us as pretty humorous, but it was the answer to a life long struggle for a Russian immigrant named conrad Hubert. Hubert came to the United States in 1890 when he was about 35 years old. He was flat broke. He did what he could do earn a living. He worked in a cigar store, ran a testuarent for a while and managed a boarding house. He even tried farming and repairing watches.

             Whatever he did, however, he never made much money. All he wanted was to stop worring about mankind ends meet. Now Hubert had a friend named Joshua had invented a flower pot with a battery in it. electricity from the battery made the flower "light up" when a button was pressed. Hubert decided he would try to sell these flower pots. Meanwhile, Joshua became interested in something new - electric trains - and he sold to his friend the flower pot iodeo for almost nothing.

   Fortunately, hurbert never went ahead with the flower pots because he had an ideo for a modification. He took the battery, the bulb and the paper tube from the pot and remade it into what he invention at first as a novelty, but the usefulness of the flashlight soon became apparent When he died in 1928 it must have seemed to Hurbert a long time ago that he was poor, He was worth $8,000,000.

FIRE ALARM

 When early humans discovered fire, how did they put it out? Fire extinguishers were not invented until 1816.

FIRST FLIGHT

  In the United States two brothers Orville (1871 - 1948) and Wilbur Wright (1867-1912) became interested in aviation when they read about the gliding experiments of Otto Lilienthal in Germany. while running a cycle manufacture and repair business they began building and flying gliders.

In 1903 they constructed an aeroplane fitted with a 12- horse power petrol engine, which was successfully flown by Orville, Later in that year near Kitty Hawk, north Carolina - the first controlled fight made by man in a heavier - than-air machine they went on to build other aeroplanes and in 1905 had a machine which could stay airborne for more than thirty minutes at a time. wilbur wright toured Europe where he made pioneering fights with their aeroplanes in Britain, France and Italy and in 1909 the brothers formed their own aircraft production company. after wilbur's death Orville devoted most of his life to research.

FLOAT GLASS

                                  The float-glass process, which creates a high-quality surface, is today widely used to produce the glass. The method was developed in 1950 after Alastair pilkington, a British glass-maker, observed the way that a film of fat formed on the surface of his wife's dishwater. Sensing that molten glass could also be floated on a molten metal such as tin order to produce a smoother finish, Pilkington's company in vested seven years and 16.5 million dollar to perfect the process.

FUNDAMENTAL DISCOVERIES

                      

                                                                One man -   Isaac Newton - presented the world in 1665 with three fundamental discoveries: the method of calculus, which is the basis for much of modern mathematics, the spectral composition of light along with the fundamentals of optics; and the law of universal gravitation and the basic laws of mechanics. Newton was then 23 years old.